Witchcraft Religion Essay Example For Students

Black magic Religion Essay Since in this view, cultural necessities are intervened by singular specialists reacting, holding mentalities, and acting such a need satisfaction hypothesis lessens to a mental one. Each significant custom has its sober minded or passionate incentive for certain individuals from the general public, or probably it falls into neglect and it slipped is' mind. To lessen all activities to fulfilling needs appears to be somewhat oversimplified. Numerous traditions are watched today in spite of their unique capacity presently being long old: almost certainly many persuaded skeptics despite everything toss spilt salt over their left shoulder, however not the slightest bit accept this is on the grounds that Beelzebub himself is remaining behind them. We will compose a custom article on Witchcraft Religion explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now Moreover, ends dependent on the mental cosmetics of individuals in the inaccessible past are problematical on the grounds that it is difficult to make the hop from what the sources inform us to what presumptions regarding the world really lay behind them. As much as the anthropologist, examining societies which are far off in space, the history specialist contemplating societies removed in time should defeat a significant contrast in language, where the subtler implications of words might be lost outwardly eyewitness. Thomas endeavors to reproduce the psychological universe of witch conviction, and likely draws near to how it really was, however it is highly unlikely of totally checking his thoughts. All things considered, with his regarding human sciences educated ends resting in any event to some degree upon his reproduction of past mindsets, Thomas determinations appear to have a conceivably frail establishment. Religion and the Decline of Magic without a doubt benefits somehow or another at any rate from its borrowings from human studies. A portion of its fundamental decisions owe a lot to anthropological ends, and these are not just constrained upon history without the questioning of chronicled proof. In the final hotel this is a work of history drawing upon human sciences, not of anthropological ends forced upon the past as a feature of some broad positivist plan. It is, be that as it may, a long way from great. The models utilized, while various, are given in a sentence or two, which can't plan to relate the full ramifications of the source being utilized, and may essentially be bends of the realities to back up the plan Thomas endeavors to portray. The entire study appears to be somewhat unbalanced because of the thought of predominantly regarding human sciences educated ends, and a portion of the determinations which he makes appear to have a lot of shortcomings. The entirety of this is brutal analysis, however, particularly as not many books (and this would be one of them) guarantee to recount to the entire story. Thomas shows that human sciences can open up various courses of enquiry which may well have been dark to customary antiquarians, and in reality to reveal insight into chronicled occasions. He may have gone excessively far in his borrowings, yet he doesn't compose terrible history using any and all means. In the assessment of E. P. Thompson, Religion and the Decline of Magic is, a colossally significant and invigorating book List of sources G. R. Elton, The Practice of History (London 1987) C. Geertz, The Interpretation of Cultures (London 1993) H. Geertz, An Anthropology of religion and Magic, Journal of Interdisciplinary History, 6 (1975) K. Thomas, History and Anthropology, Past and Present, 24 (1963) K. Thomas, Religion and the Decline of Magic (London 1971) E. P. Thompson, Anthropology and the Discipline of Historical Context, Midland History, 1 (1971).

Analysis of Sojourner Truth

â€Å"In a few cases, campuswide midpoints have crawled up from a C only 10 years to B-in addition to today† (411). In Brent Staples exposition â€Å"Why Colleges Shower Their Students with A’s† he makes numerous issues and contentions regarding the matter. Numerous school level foundations are confronted with requesting buyers and rivalry from different colleges over evaluation issues. The schools have essentially begun simply distributing increasingly more A’s to their understudies to better their fulfillment. This activity taken by the schools is having numerous repercussions on grade swelling and making the estimation of degrees trivial around the world. With this disturbing measurement about the grounds wide midpoints and the colleges falling back on giving the customers what they need is making an awful tempest going to acquire significant issues. In Staple’s paper, he brings up numerous legitimate reasons why a few school level instincts are simply distributing A’s to their understudies left and right. In spite of the fact that he makes great contentions for his reasons, I need to scrutinize that not every one of his reasons are genuinely legitimate. I accept that universities are surrendering to the requesting understudies and guardians since they need to spare their notoriety and status in the public eye. Schools are all the more ready to give out better evaluations to understudies when their occupations are on the line. Staples clarifies that â€Å"professors at each level expand to get away from negative assessments by understudies whose feelings presently figure in residency and advancement decisions† (411). Educators need to recall that each evaluation they provide for an understudy might be addressed and have genuine outcomes concerning better openings for work. Understudies need to get the evaluation they think they merit and they will venture to whine and accuse a specific educator. I feel that it is silly those understudies figure to a limited extent in a professor’s advancement choices. I additionally firmly accept that whatever grade an understudy gets on any paper is their last grade and they ought to have no space to scrutinize the professor’s reasons. Staples likewise recommended that â€Å"some offices give understudies A’s to fill ineffectively went to courses that may be canceled† (411). Schools need to give out the evaluations the understudies are asking for so they can shield their classes from getting dropped therefore sparing their own employments. Once more, he is underlining that if educators need to keep their stable employments they need to inspire the understudies here and there to remain joined up with the classes. This system appears only a type of pay off the educators bring to the table to the tricky understudies to keep their employments above water. Universities nowadays need to review cautiously and know about the outcomes that understudies do in some structure decide their profession developments. The buyers, the understudies and furthermore the guardians accept they ought to get out as much as they put into their school instructive life by practicing their entitlement to interrogate and ask regarding their evaluations. Today, universities of each height license [students] to request low evaluations through dignitaries or lasting sheets of inquiry† (411). Not at all like secondary school where you needed to acknowledge the evaluation you got on a paper, then again universities grant understudies to introduce their reviewed work to a higher force on the off chance that they trust it was wrongly assessed. I accept this standard is giving understudies and guardians an excess of control over the teachers who have experienced numerous long periods of broad training and comprehend what components make up an entire hearted A paper. Upholding this suspicion again â€Å"the proof proposes that understudies and guardians are demanding†and getting†what they consider as their money’s worth† (411). Understudies and guardians are getting increasingly requesting as the years pass by. The manner in which they see things is that either the understudy is taking care of themselves through school or the guardians are placing their cash into their child’s training and they hope to receive each dime in return. On the off chance that they are going to utilize their own cash they are hoping to get the best grades possibleâ€no special cases. These parasitic creatures won't down without a battle. They will stand, they will dissent, they will contend. The understudies and guardians reserve a privilege to address grades, yet to a degree. Their contentions ought not be so requesting and they ought to be cheerful they are getting a voice to communicate their side of the story. Understudies and guardians are turning out to be extremely requesting concerning grades and will go as far as possible to get what they think they merit. A few colleges needed to utilize the Johnson plan of figuring grade point normal uniquely in contrast to previously, however this arrangement would make student’s scholastic professions considerably more muddled. Staples shouts â€Å"Valen Johnson, a Duke University measurements teacher, went under overwhelming fire when he proposed recalculating the evaluation direct normal toward give thoroughly reviewed courses more prominent weight† (412). Johnson proposed this arrangement feeling that it would assist understudies with being increasingly fruitful, however all it would do was aggravate everything very. Under this arrangement all courses would be given a similar equivalent weight, however this arrangement would have numerous disadvantages. Contingent upon what major an understudy had, that understudy would be required to take certain courses that related to their ideal degree. By making all courses equivalent weight, understudies would need to do very well even in the classes not related with their significant causing numerous scholarly issues. I emphatically accept this proposed arrangement of recalculating grade point normal is an entirely ghastly thought. Johnson absolutely didn't place into point of view that making each course a similar weight, would make the lives of the understudies significantly more troublesome. He essentially caused the understudies to need to do well in each class they took on regardless of on the off chance that it the class appeared to be simple or hard. The understudy government beat back the arrangement with the assistance of instructors in humanities, who stressed that understudies may desert them for different courses that they as of now avoided† (412). Once more, most school teachers and individuals from instruction sheets questioned receiving the Johnson plan as a result of the significant repercussions it would of fer on understudies. I accept understudies would get overpowered with ensuring they did outstandingly great in the entirety of their classes even those not required for their major. These understudies would need to ensure not let their evaluations slip in light of the fact that regardless of the course the evaluation point normal would merit the equivalent. To certain individuals this arrangement may appear in virtuoso; anyway the Johnson plan isn't a perfect intend to better instructive developments. Receiving the Johnson plan to universities would be tragic and furthermore exceptionally upsetting to the understudies, so keeping the evaluation point normal as it is determined is the most consistent decision to make.

Using Topiramate to Treat Alcohol and Other Addictions

Using Topiramate to Treat Alcohol and Other Addictions Addiction Coping and Recovery Overcoming Addiction Print Using Topiramate to Treat Alcohol and Other Addictions By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on May 06, 2019 Seizure Medication Can Reduce Alcohol Consumption. Janssen-Cilag More in Addiction Coping and Recovery Overcoming Addiction Methods and Support Personal Stories Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use A medication currently used to treat epilepsy and migraines has also been shown to be effective for reducing alcohol consumption and treating cocaine addiction. But topiramate may never receive approval for the treatment of addiction because of economic considerations. For at least 10 years, research studies have shown that topiramate, marketed as Topamax, is effective in treating alcoholism. In 2003, a study by the Health Science Centers South Texas Addiction Research Technology (START) Center found that subjects who were still heavy drinkers were six times more likely to remain sober for a month, compared to a placebo group. Effective for Cutting Down In a follow-up study a year later, the START Center researchers, led by Dr. Bankole A. Johnson, conducted a proof-of-concept clinical trial that concluded that topiramate has a greater effect on drinking than naltrexone and acamprosate, two medications that are approved for the treatment of alcoholism. More recent studies have shown that topiramate is more effective in reducing the amount that heavy drinkers drink than it is in producing complete abstinence in alcohol-dependent drinkers. Reducing Overall Consumption Traditionally, the goal of treatment for alcohol use disorders has been to achieve abstinence, but in recent years there has been more focus on harm reduction or reducing the amount of alcohol that patients drink or reducing their number of drinking days. According to research, topiramate has been found to be more effective in reducing overall alcohol consumption than the currently approved medications disulfiram, naltrexone, and acamprosate. Focus on Harm Reduction A recent study of alcoholism treatment throughout the Veterans Health Administration found that V.A. doctors were prescribing topiramate for their alcohol-dependent patients at a higher rate than naltrexone and acamprosate combined. The use of the drug is not currently monitored by the V.A. because it is not approved for use as an alcohol use disorder treatment, but that has not stopped clinicians from prescribing it when the goal of treatment was reducing the harm of excessive alcohol consumption. The authors of the V.A. study concluded that the use of topiramate over the other medications demonstrates a shift in the treatment of alcoholism toward the reduction in consumption, rather than total abstinence. Topiramate Effective for Cocaine Addiction Even more recently, research found that topiramate is also effective for treating cocaine addiction. A double-blind study at the University of Maryland School of Medicine of 142 adults who were seeking treatment for cocaine dependence found that topiramate increased the number of cocaine nonuse days. Previously, studies found that topiramate could help reduce the use of the drug by users who were not seeking treatment for cocaine addiction. It works by affecting how the brain reacts to cocaine, thereby reducing craving for the drug. Topiramate is the first drug that has been found effective in treating cocaine addiction, according to the studys authors. Another study has shown it to be effective in smoking cessation. Topiramate No Longer Trademark Protected Although research shows topiramate to be very effective, relatively speaking, in reducing harmful drinking and in treating cocaine addiction, the medication may not be used to its fullest potential. Because its not approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration specifically for addiction treatment, insurance companies may not pay for prescriptions for those uses. Additionally, because topiramate is no longer protected by trademark, and is, therefore, open to generic production, it is not economically feasible for pharmaceutical companies to pursue the expensive process necessary to gain FDA approval for the addiction treatment use of the drug. Any pharmaceutical treatment for alcoholism or addiction would be a less expensive option that entering a residential treatment program, but without insurance participation, topiramate would be more expensive than other FDA-approved medications. Although topiramate is not FDA approved for the treatment of alcoholism and addiction, there is no prohibition against healthcare providers prescribing the drug for those purposes. Sources: Del Re, AC, et al Prescription of topiramate to treat alcohol use disorders in the Veterans Health Administration. Addiction Science Clinical Practice 8 July 2013 Fran, J, et al Pharmacotherapy for Alcohol Dependence: Status of Current Treatments. Current Opinion in Neurobiology. 23 August 2013. Johnson, BA, et al, Topiramate for the Treatment of Cocaine Addiction. JAMA Psychiatry. 16 October 2013. Kampman KM, et al. A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Topiramate for the Treatment of Comorbid Cocaine and Alcohol Dependence. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 1 November 2013. Oncken C, et al. Topiramate for Smoking Cessation: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Pilot Study. Nicotine and Tobacco Research 21 September 2013.

Using Analytics And The Decision Making Process Essay

Before our clients can get to a point of having a dashboard of KPI’s and metrics, it’s imperative to understand the problems and the reasoning for diving into analytics. As a firm, why do you want to engage in analytics? Do you have the full support of the firm to include analytics in the decision making process? What are some of the issues that can be improved through the measures of data? What are you specifically trying to accomplish? What is the quality of the data being measured? These are all key questions that need to be answered before engaging in any sort of analytics and reporting. It’s important to remember that a firm should not do analytics, for analytical sake. There should be a reasoning and number of problems that could be solved through analytics. If not completed properly, the use of analytics could be a huge drain to cash flow and influence decisions that could have a negative impact on the firm. This is where AC Lordi differentiates itself from the competition and competes with the ‘BIG 4’ accounting firms. We’re able to walk a client through a proper planning process at a cost that’s significantly lower than our competitors. We’re able to provide resources with the same analytical background and knowledge as those firms. We provide a structured framework to answer all the relevant questions, suggest KPI’s that can be measured in the industry and implement target ranges where KPI’s should fall within. The importance of set target ranges for KPI’s, willShow MoreRelatedThe Three Levels Of Analytics, Descriptive, Predictive, And Prescriptive1707 Words   |  7 Pageslevels of Analytics (Descriptive, Predictive, and Prescriptive). Give a brief example of how they might be used to solve business decisions. Descriptive: Descriptive Analytics, probably the most common type of analytics, is the process of describing and evaluating the historical data and recognizing patterns from samples. It serves as a foundation for more advanced analytics. An example of Descriptive Analytics would be discovering and reporting trends. Predictive: Predictive analytics uses dataRead MoreThe Field Of Data Analytics1642 Words   |  7 Pages In today’s complex business environment, the field of data analytics is growing in acceptance and importance. It is playing a critical role as a decision-making resource for executives, especially those managing large companies. To shed more light on how companies are taking advantage of analytics, Deloitte Analytics commissioned The Analytics Advantage, the first in an annual series of surveys focusing on the state of analytics readiness at leading corporations and what the future holds. BusinessesRead MoreIn Analytics At Work: Smarter Decision, Better Results,1257 Words   |  6 Pages In Analytics at Work: Smarter Decision, Better Results, Thomas H. Davenport, Jeanne G. Harris and Robert Morison explain how managers apply analytics for making decisions during operation. According to their research and examples, they developed DELTA (data, enterprise, leadership, targets, and analysts) model for developing analytical enterprise and leaders. The analytics sets a new trend of establishing or changing the business process. Organizations have started processing data from conceptualRead MoreMethods Of Using Data Relationships And Computer Models1605 Words   |  7 PagesAnalytics is the process of using data relationships and computer models to drive business value, improve decision making and understand human relationships. If the Information Age began in the 1990s with the rise of digital technology, then we’ve now officially entered the Age of Big Data, wherein companies like Google, Facebook, IBM, Teradata, Oracle, and SAS have the capacity to gather a lifetime’s worth of data about customers and their behavior. But that data is just an incomprehensible pileRead MoreThe New Frontier: Data Analytics Essay1232 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ The New Frontier: Data Analytics Yvonne Mitchell Strayer University Professor Raied Salman Info Syst Decision-Making January 12, 2015 The New Frontier: Data Analytics What is data analytics? How has its use in business evolved over time? What are the advantages and disadvantages of using data analytics within a specific company or industry? Are there any challenges or obstacles that business management must overcome in order to implement data analytics? If so, is there a strategy thatRead MoreHbr Blog1301 Words   |  6 PagesBUSINESS ANALYTICS Business analytics (BA) is the practice of iterative, methodical exploration of an organization’s data with emphasis on statistical analysis.   Business analytics is used by companies committed to data-driven decision making.   BA is used to gain insights that inform business decisions and can be used to automate and optimize business processes.   Data-driven companies treat their data as a corporate asset and leverage it for competitive advantage. Successful business analytics dependsRead MoreAccenture : Strategic Decision Making1648 Words   |  7 Pagespioneer in the industry is competing on analytics and positioning itself on the top globally. 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In this respect, it has often been criticized as a marketingRead MorePredictive Analysis Model1387 Words   |  6 Pagesdevelopment of Internet of things and exponential growth rate of data are rapidly accelerating and affecting all areas of technologies by increasing the benefits to the society. The data collected from different wireless sensor network can be modeled using different predictive modeling techniques. This paper listed different IoT data based predictive models and their comparison to understand the usage of model for the energy use of appliances. Specific prediction techniques include Multiple Linear RegressionRead MoreThe Entrepreneurial Perception Of Strategy Makers Essay1588 Words   |  7 Pagesturbulent or complex to the managers. The traditional ways of enhancing business decisions for marketing, advertising, laun ching new ventures or products are long gone which included important decisions being taken by top-level managers based on their intuition and instincts. Present times need a drift from those traditional wsays and this is where Business Analytics comes in wherein managers can make better decisions, so rather than going with their gut when pricing products, maintaining inventory

Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)

The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) was created by the Treaty of Lagos in Lagos, Nigeria, on May, 28, 1975. It had its roots in earlier attempts at a West African economic community in the 1960s and was spearheaded by Yakuba Gowon of Nigeria and Gnassigbe Eyadema of Togo. The primary purpose of ECOWAS is to promote economic trade, national cooperation, and monetary union, for growth and development throughout West Africa.   A revised treaty intended to accelerate the integration of economic policy and improve political cooperation was signed on July 24, 1993. It set out the goals of a common economic market, a single currency, the creation of a West African parliament, economic and social councils, and a court of justice. The court primarily interprets and mediates disputes over ECOWAS policies and relations, but has the power to investigate alleged human rights abuses in member countries. Membership There are currently 15 member countries in the Economic Community of West African States. The founding members of ECOWAS were: Benin, Cà ´te dIvoire, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania (left 2002), Niger, Nigeria, Senegal,  Sierra Leone, Togo, and  Burkina Faso  (which joined as  Upper Volta).  Cape Verde  joined in 1977; Morocco requested membership in 2017, and the same year Mauritania requested to rejoin, but the details have yet to be worked out. ECOWAS member countries have three official state languages (French, English, and Portuguese), and well over a thousand existing local languages including cross-border native tongues such as Ewe, Fulfulde, Hausa, Mandingo, Wolof, Yoruba, and Ga. Structure The structure of the Economic Community has changed several times over the years.  In June 2019, ECOWAS has seven active institutions: the Authority of Heads of State and Government (which is the leading body), the ECOWAS Commission (the administrative instrument), the Community Parliament, the Community Court of Justice, the ECOWAS Bank for Investment and Development (EBID, also known as the Fund), the West African Health Organisation (WAHO), and the Inter-Governmental Action Group against Money Laundering and Terrorism Financing in West Africa (GIABA).  .  The treaties also provide for an advisory Economic and Social Council, but ECOWAS does not list this as part of its current structure. In addition to these seven institutions, specialized agencies in ECOWAS include the West African Monetary Agency (WAMA), the Regional Agency for Agriculture and Food (RAAF), ECOWAS Regional Electricity Regulatory Authority (ERERA), ECOWAS Centre for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency(ECREEE), The West African Power Pool (WAPP), ECOWAS BROWN CARD, ECOWAS Gender Development Centre (EGDC),  ECOWAS Youth and Sports Development Centre (EYSDC), West African Monetary Institute (WAMI), and ECOWAS infrastructure Projects. Peacekeeping Efforts   The 1993 treaty also laid the burden of settling regional conflicts on the treaty members, and subsequent policies have established and defined the parameters of ECOWAS peacekeeping forces. The ECOWAS Ceasefire Monitoring Group (known as ECOMOG) was created as a peacekeeping force for the civil wars in Liberia (1990–1998), Sierra Leone (1991–2001), Guinea-Bissau (1998–1999), and Cote DIvoire (2002) and was disbanded at their cessation.  ECOWAS does not have a standing force; each force raised is known by the mission for which it is created.   The peacekeeping efforts undertaken by ECOWAS are just one indication of the increasingly multifaceted nature of the economic communitys efforts to promote and ensure the prosperity and development of West Africa and the well-being of its people. Revised and Expanded by Angela Thompsell Sources Ecowas agrees to admit Morocco to West African body. BBC News, 5 June 2017.Francis, David J. Peacekeeping in a Bad Neighbourhood: The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) in Peace and Security in West Africa. African Journal on Conflict Resolution 9.3 (2009): 87–116. Goodridge, R. B. The Economic Community of West African States, in  Economic Integration of West African Nations: A Synthesis for Sustainable Development. International MBA Thesis, National Cheng Chi University, 2006.Obi, Cyril I. Economic Community of West African States on the Ground: Comparing Peacekeeping in Liberia, Sierra Leone, Guinea Bissau, and Cà ´te dIvoire. African Security 2.2–3 (2009): 119–35. Okolo, Julius Emeka. Integrative and Cooperative Regionalism: The Economic Community of West African States. International Organization 39.1 (1985): 121–53. Osadolor, Osarhieme Benson. The Evolution of Policy on Security and Defence in ECOWAS, 1978–2008. Journal of t he Historical Society of Nigeria 20 (2011): 87–103. The Economic Community of West African States, official website

The Columbian Exchange History, Culture, And Agriculture

Geologists believe that over 200 million ago, continental drift carried the Old World and New Worlds apart, splitting North and South America from Eurasia and Africa, eventually creating two separate biological worlds (Crosby, 2009). In 1491, the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans were nearly impassable barriers, and America might as well have been on another planet from Europe and Asia (Morris, 2011). However, when Christopher Columbus and his fellow voyagers made land in the Bahamas in 1492, the plant, animal, and bacterial life of these two worlds began to mix, and the world as we knew it would be forever changed (McNeil, 2008). The Columbian Exchange is the term used to describe the substantial widespread exchange of plants, animals, foods, human populations (including slaves), communicable diseases, and ideas between the Eastern and Western hemispheres that occurred after Columbus’s arrival in 1492. The Columbian Exchange is one of the most significant events to ever occur in the history of world ecology, culture, and agriculture. Although it sparked an unpredictable, uncontrollable interconnected web of events that had immediate and everlasting consequences, Columbus’s voyage to the New World marked a critical turning point in history (National Humanities Center, 2015). Advancements in education, agricultural production, evolution of warfare, and increased mortality rates are just a few examples of how the Columbian Exchange impacted both Europeans and Native AmericansShow MoreRelatedWhat Was The Columbian Exchange? Essay1618 Words   |  7 Pagesresult of this was The Columbian Exchange in which there was a large trade of animals, plants, technology, culture, slaves, diseases, and even new religions. This exchange effected the way Europeans, Americans, Asians, and Africans lived their daily lives. The Columbian exchange was by far one of the most paramount events in the history of world technology, agriculture, culture, and ecology. In this research paper the following will be answered: What is the Columbian Exchange? Plants and animals transportedRead MoreThe Impact Of The Columbian Exchange On The New World1051 Words   |  5 PagesWorld, a new era opened that would come to be known as the Columbian Exchange. With the transfer of plants, animals, culture, diseases, and ideas between Europe and the Americas, good came from the Columbian Exchange which became a possibility after Christopher Columbus set sail in 1492, giving him full credit for this duration. The plants associated with the Columbian Exchange affected the Old and New Worlds by providing success in agriculture as well as technological advancements. First, as explorersRead MoreThe Columbian Exchange : A World Drift That Carried The Old And New World907 Words   |  4 Pagesthrough the Old and New World plants, animals, and bacteria, which was known as the Columbian Exchange. The exchange is the ecological events of the past millennium.The Columbian Exchange had a widespread exchange of animal, plants, culture including slaves, diseases, and ideas between the eastern and western hemispheres. The exchange was the most significant event concerning ecology, agriculture, and culture in history. The Europeans were the first who touched the shores of the Americas. Old World cropsRead MoreCultural Impact Of The Columbian Exchange1153 Words   |  5 PagesThe Columbian Exchange brought direct changed that modified the cultural characteristics of many people. Though religion was a w eapon of domination, it was food that created a great cultural impact. This paper will focus on the cultural impact that food had in the world, and how much Native American food contributed to the economy and culture of the entire planet. The Columbian Exchange started after Christopher Columbus’ â€Å"discovery† in 1942 of a New World. This discovery lent to the entire WesternRead MoreEssay on The Columbian Exchange: Chocolate660 Words   |  3 PagesThe Columbian Exchange: Chocolate During the time frame of 1450-1750, the Columbian Exchange was at its height of power and influence. Many products were introduced from foreign lands, like animals such as cattle, chickens, and horse, and agriculture such as potatoes, bananas, and avocados. Diseases also became widespread and persisted to distant lands where it wreaked devastation upon the non-immunized people. One such influential product during this time period was the cacao, or more commonlyRead MoreAmerica Before Columbus And The Columbian Exchange1597 Words   |  7 PagesIn modern America, we often take for granted the natural world that surrounds us and the American culture which is built upon it. For many of us, we give little thought to the food sources that sustain and natural habitats that surround us because when viewed for what they are, most people assume that they have â€Å"simply existed† since the country was founded. However, the documentary ‘America Before Columbus’ provided this writer an extremely interesting record of how the America we know came toRead MoreFlourishing North American Cultures1455 Words   |  6 Pagesbegan to arrive in the New World, the last era of the pre-Columbian development began. North American cultures such as the Mississippian culture, the Hopewell Tradition, and the Hohokam culture experienced growth and environmental adaptation throughout this era. Major contributions and innovations of Native Americans have developed and been passed on through generations of ancestors. Originating in 700 A.D., the Mississippian culture expanded through the Mississippi Valley and out into the southeasternRead MoreEssay on The Columbian Exchange1075 Words   |  5 PagesColombian Exchange was an extensive exchange between the eastern and western hemispheres as knows as the Old World and New World. The Colombian exchange greatly affects almost every society. It prompted both voluntary and forced migration of millions of human beings. There are both positive and negative effects that you can see from the Colombian Exchange. The Colombian Exchange explorers created contact between Europe and the Americas. The interaction with Native Americans began the exchange of animalsRead More Columbian Exchange Essay2042 Words   |  9 Pagesdiscover plants, animals, cultures and resources that Europeans had never seen before. The sharing of these resources and combination of the Old and New World has come to be known as the Columbian Exchange. During these explorations, the Eu ropeans brought diseases such as malaria, yellow fever, typhoid and bubonic plague to the New World, wiping out entire Indian populations. There were also many other populations wiped out due to complications that came from this exchange. Were these explorationsRead MoreChristopher Columbus, America, And The Colonialization Of Native Americans1114 Words   |  5 Pagesfreedom† (Taylor 87), said a Spanish invader of the simplistic Native American lifestyle. Agricultural practices and the cultivation of maize became prominent in the American Southwest, with centrality in present-day Mexico. The advancement of agriculture grew societies economically and dramatically in population. In the Great Basin and Great Plains of North America, Native Americans who inhabited these areas adopted a nomadic lifestyle. Due to a significant lack of substantial natural resources

Expalnation of Father Returning Home free essay sample

ldad return home! My father travels on the late evening train Standing among silent commuters in the yellow light Suburbs slide past his unseeing eyes His shirt and pants are soggy and his black raincoat Stained with mud and his bag stuffed with books Is falling apart. His eyes dimmed by age fade homeward through the humid monsoon night. Now I can see him getting off the train Like a word dropped from a long sentence. He hurries across the length of the grey platform, Crosses the railway line, enters the lane, His chappals are sticky with mud, but he hurries onward. Home again, I see him drinking weak tea, Eating a stale chapati, reading a book. He goes into the toilet to contemplate Man’s estrangement from a man-made world. Coming out he trembles at the sink, The cold water running over his brown hands, A few droplets cling to the greying hairs on his wrists. His sullen children have often refused to share Jokes and secrets with him. He will now go to sleep Listening to the static on the radio, dreaming Of his ancestors and grandchildren, thinking Of nomads entering a subcontinent through a narrow pass. The poem speaks about the inner loneliness of the poet’s father, the utter alienation he is experiencing in the twilight years (man’s estrangement from a man-made world) as he ceases to matter to his children who no longer share anything with him. All the while he is trying to evoke, through the racial conscious, the invisible connection with his ancestors who had entered the sub-continent through the Khyber Pass in the Himalayas in some distant past (the allusion is perhaps to the migration of the Aryans to the Indian subcontinent from Central Asia). The poet uses some fine imagery to describe the pain and misery lurking in the old man’s soul as he travels in the local train . His bag stuffed with books is falling apart refers to the state of the old man’s mind which has turned senile after all that knowledge it has acquired through years of dedicated study. A wonderful image is used to describe his getting down from the train: Like a word dropped from a long sentence . The uniqueness of the image lies in the highly evocative visual picture of an old man dropping off from the train as though he is no longer relevant to the train which will now move forward with other people to their destinations. The old man is just a word in the syntax of life. The sentence that is long enough to carry several words forward each contributing to its overall meaning now drops off one stray word, which is no longer required. The other interesting image is the eyes and vision, which occurs in the poem again and again. The suburbs slide past his unseeing eyes is a pretty image. The second one is his eyes dimmed by age fade homeward. Above all we may look at the dexterous use of words to convey the â€Å"twilight† atmosphere in the poem : evening train, yellow light, unseeing eyes , his eyes dimmed by age fade homeward ,gray platform. Meaning of the poem is also a part of â€Å"to know, how to live in the society†. Other meaning is It’s all about the severe problem of generation gap. The widening crisis due to the explosion of rational. Father Returning Home is a poem written by Dilip Chitre. The main idea of this poem is Mans estrangement from a man-made world. Here the father comes home late tired with his pants are soggy and his black raincoat is stained with mud and his bag is falling apart-He never cares the scenes of the outer world when he travels. Because he is always musing about his family. He is so true about his family, yet no one in his family realizes his care for them. He gets only the weak tea and stale chapati. (Look, he is the only one who works hard for his family yet he does not get even good food.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The lines like The cold water running over his brown hands, A few droplets cling to the greying hairs on his wrists are used to add to the effect of the life and the world of poor father. His children are not ready to share jokes with him-their sullenness shows the unspoken resentment. And finally, even when he goes to bed the story is not different. There he receives only noised receiving, not even a good program from the radio. In short the father has no joy in his life; there is no closeness between the father and the children. The only thing that changes the mood of the poem is when he thinks about his dead yesterdays (ancestors) and unborn tomorrows (grand-children and nomads) -Here one thing must be noted that he dreams about these people not about his own children. Patel wanted to convey the idea of unseen sincerity of millions of fathers who strive hard for their family and their people. Dilip Chitres poem Father Returning Home is selected from Travelling in A Cage. It speaks about the dull and exhausting daily routine of a commuter. Delinked from his family he is left with himself to talk. Dreaming about his ancestors and grand children he communicates with the dead yesterdays and unborn tomorrows. His alienation is complete and irreversible. Sleep and dream come as sweet relief from a world that is alien to him. The theme of the poem is Mans estrangement from a man-made world. Dilip Purushottam Chitre (Marathi: ) was one of the foremost Indian writers and critics to emerge in the post Independence India. Apart from being a very important bilingual writer, writing in Marathi and English, he was also a painter and filmmaker. Biography He was born in Baroda on 17 September 1938. His father Purushottam Chitre used to publish a periodical named Abhiruchi which was highly treasured for its high, uncompromising quality. Dilip Chitres family moved to Mumbai in 1951 and he published his first collection of poems in 1960. He was one of the earliest and the most important influences behind the famous little magazine movement of the sixties in Marathi. He started Shabda with Arun Kolatkar and Ramesh Samarth. In 1975, he was awarded a visiting fellowship by the International Writing Programme of the University of Iowa in Iowa City, Iowa in the United States. He has also worked as a director of the Indian Poetry Library, archive, and translation centre at Bharat Bhavan, a multi arts foundation, Bhopal. He also convened a world poetry festival in New Delhi followed by an international symposium of poets in Bhopal. His Ekun Kavita or Collected Poems were published in the nineteen nineties in three volumes. As Is,Where Is selected English poems (1964-2007) and Shesha English translation of selected Marathi poems both published by Poetrywala are among his last books published in 2007. He has also edited An Anthology of Marathi Poetry (1945–1965). He is also an accomplished translator and has prolifically translated prose and poetry. His most famous translation is of the celebrated 17th century Marathi bhakti poet Tukaram (published as Says Tuka). He has also translated Anubhavamrut by the twelfth century bhakti poet Dnyaneshwar. Film Career He started his professional film career in 1969 and has since made one feature film, about a dozen documentary films, several short films in the cinema format, and about twenty video documentary features. He wrote the scripts of most of his films as well as directed or co-directed them. He also scored the music for some of them. Awards and Honors He worked as an honorary editor of the quarterly New Quest, a journal of participative inquiry, Mumbai. Among Chitre’s honours and awards are several l Maharashtra State Awards, the Prix Special du Jury for his film Godam at the Festival des Trois Continents at Nantes in France in 1984, the Ministry of Human Resource Development’s Emeritua Fellowship, the University of Iowa’s International Writing Program Fellowship, the Indira Gandhi Fellowship, the Villa Waldberta Fellowship for residence given by the city of Munich, Bavaria, Germany and so forth. He was D. A. A. D. German Academic Exchange) Fellow and Writer-in-Residence at the Universities of Heidelberg and Bamberg in Germany in 1991–92. He was Director of Vagarth, Bharat Bhavan Bhopal and the convenor-director of Valmiki World Poetry Festival ( New Delhi,1985) and International Symposium of Poets ( Bhopal, 1985), a Keynote Speaker at the World Poetry Congress in Maebashi, Japan (1996 ) and at the Ninth International Conference on Maharashtra at Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA in 2001 and Member of the International Jury at the recent Literature festival Berlin, 2001. He was member of a three-writer delegation ( along with Nirmal Verma and U. R. Ananthamurthy) to the Soviet Union (Russia, Ukraine, and Georgia), Hungary, the Federal Republic of Germany and France in the spring and summer of 1980 and to the Frankfurter Buchmesse in Frankfurt, Germany in 1986; he has given readings, lectures, talks, participated in seminars and symposia, and conducted workshops in creative writing and literary translation in Iowa City, Chicago, Tempe, Paris, London, Weimar, Saint Petersburg, Berlin, Frankfurt, Konstanz, Heidelberg, Bamberg, Tubingen, Northfield, Saint-Paul/Minneapolis, New Delhi, Bhopal, Mumbai, Kochi, Vadodara, Kolhapur, Aurangabad, Pune, Maebashi, and Dhule among other places. He travelled widely in Asia, Africa, Europe, and North America as well as in the interiors of India; been on the visiting faculty of many universities and institutions, a consultant to projects. He was the Honorary President of the Sonthhheimer Cultural Association, of which he was also a Founder-Trustee. Death After a long bout with cancer, Dilip Chitre died at his residence in Pune on 10 December 2009. Dilip Chitre: Portrait of an artist At the ripe young age of 16, Dilip Purushottam Chitre made a decision that would change his life forever. He decided he wanted to live as a poet and artist. It could not have been an easy choice. He admits to vague premonitions of it being difficult, and admits it proved hard at times. And yet, after over fifty years of living that life of poet and artist, he stands by it, refusing to have it any other way. One cant blame him either. After all, his has been a life gifted with all sorts of revelations. It has been a colourful life, one spent whole-heartedly in the service of art and literature. His achievements, when strung together casually, boggle the mind. Chitre has since publishing his first collection of poems, Kavita, in Marathi in 1960 published a lot in English (Travelling in the Cage, 1980), has had his work translated into Hindi (Pisati ka Burz, 1987), Gujarati (Milton-na Mahaakaavyo, 1970), German (Worte des Tukaram) and Spanish. He has exhibited his own paintings (First One Man Show of Oil Paintings, 1969); written and directed an award-winning film (Godam, 1984); made a dozen documentary films and scored music for some of them; taken on the mantle of editor for literary magazines (Shabda, 1954-1960); written for Indias most respected publications; influenced a literary movement (the little magazine of the sixties in Marathi); convened poetry festivals; won all kinds of honours; travelled widely across India and abroad; and taught at universities worldwide. So, when he describes his interests on his blog thus I am a poet and a writer. I paint. I make films. I travel. I make friends. I read. I listen to music. I reflect. I contemplate. its hard not to believe him. Born in Baroda in 1938, Chitre soon moved with his family to Mumbai, where he published his first collection of poems. Possibly the most famous of his translations is Says Tuka, a rendition of the work of seventeenth century Marathi bhakti poet Tukaram. It is a translation of abhangs, a form of devotional poetry sung in praise of Vitthal. Chitres translation continues to find new readers, surprising and moving them with its simplicity: There is a whole tree within a seed/ And a seed at the end of each tree/ That is how it is between you and me/ One contains the Other. I envy Dilip Chitre for the life he has lead, for his unwavering faith in all he holds dear. He now lives in Pune with his wife, Viju, to whom he has been married for over 45 years. Even in the most civilized societies of the world, poets receive ambivalent treatment, he writes. The economic value of what poets do is considered extremely dubious The most they can hope for during a lifetime is niche audiences scattered far and wide and small publishers crazy enough to publish poetry without any regard to sales.

Industry

Free Essays on Management Fads

The authors of â€Å"Spotting Management Fads† demonstrated how certain qualities of management fads can contribute to short life spans for suggested styles. I agree with the theories in this article. As an example, I have found that a concept that is too simple can easily contribute to the fad’s failure as the basic building blocks are too weak to sustain the JT. It has been my experience that by not addressing the core of a problem management style, the business many times gets weaker instead of stronger. In many instances, a fad is so choreographed that it stifles management’s creative thinking. As such, management may steer away from questioning decisions and policies, therefore, not performing to their full potential. Another distinctive flaw for a fad can lie with qualities like â€Å"one-size-fits-all,† â€Å"easy to cut and paste,† and â€Å"legitimized by gurus and disciples.† These qualities will not always apply to a corpo ration in their current cookie cutter format. A principle that is a tremendous success for one business cannot be guaranteed for another. The authors of the article also point to the false hope aspect as fuel for the downfall of a fad. Relying on â€Å"rah rah† tactics, instead of true measurable success, will not sustain the whim. The traditional qualities of the fad, however, are often pointed to as successes in management styles. They are â€Å"real life† practices that have been applied to an organization seeking to change, but with the appropriate modifications for the corporation. As in the article, I have found that a corporation should always carefully analyze any â€Å"trendy† management styles for classic and/or radical qualities and determine carefully which, if any, of the fad’s characteristics would benefit their corporation. It is critical in management that you do not jump on the bandwagon of a fad that may only create a quick fix. It is important to analyze how the whole conce... Free Essays on Management Fads Free Essays on Management Fads The authors of â€Å"Spotting Management Fads† demonstrated how certain qualities of management fads can contribute to short life spans for suggested styles. I agree with the theories in this article. As an example, I have found that a concept that is too simple can easily contribute to the fad’s failure as the basic building blocks are too weak to sustain the JT. It has been my experience that by not addressing the core of a problem management style, the business many times gets weaker instead of stronger. In many instances, a fad is so choreographed that it stifles management’s creative thinking. As such, management may steer away from questioning decisions and policies, therefore, not performing to their full potential. Another distinctive flaw for a fad can lie with qualities like â€Å"one-size-fits-all,† â€Å"easy to cut and paste,† and â€Å"legitimized by gurus and disciples.† These qualities will not always apply to a corpo ration in their current cookie cutter format. A principle that is a tremendous success for one business cannot be guaranteed for another. The authors of the article also point to the false hope aspect as fuel for the downfall of a fad. Relying on â€Å"rah rah† tactics, instead of true measurable success, will not sustain the whim. The traditional qualities of the fad, however, are often pointed to as successes in management styles. They are â€Å"real life† practices that have been applied to an organization seeking to change, but with the appropriate modifications for the corporation. As in the article, I have found that a corporation should always carefully analyze any â€Å"trendy† management styles for classic and/or radical qualities and determine carefully which, if any, of the fad’s characteristics would benefit their corporation. It is critical in management that you do not jump on the bandwagon of a fad that may only create a quick fix. It is important to analyze how the whole conce...

Television advertising Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Television advertising - Essay Example ising is almost similar to radio advertising only that it combines audio and visual information; a typical television advertisement would be ten to sixty seconds in duration (Entrepreneur, 2014). Television advertisements are often placed at strategic breaks in the course of the main programming as well as in the course of the last few minutes until the top of the next hour. For instance, a television advertisement broadcast during a live event such as the Olympics or the Super Bowl attracts the attention of billions of potential customers. Television commercials are generally more expensive to produce and broadcast compared to other advertising options but is more appealing to audiences and reaches a broader audience simultaneously since they are both audio and visual. Given that individuals spend at least four hours in front of the television and a majority of households own a T.V. set, television advertising remains one of the most effective marketing approaches, the prevalence of new media platforms notwithstanding. Television advertising entails two main tasks including creating a commercial that is acceptable by broadcasters on the basis of outlined broadcast standards as well as placing the advertisement strategically to reach the largest number of viewers possible. The intricacy of television advertising requires the professional input of production companies and advertising agencies with appropriate experience in the two tasks outlined above. Television advertisements increasingly feature songs or specific musical themes that are designed to hook audiences and to be memorable so that they can remain in the minds of the audience even long after the ad campaign has passed. Many television ads also exploit humour as a creative tool, since it is strongly associated with advertising persuasion; psychologists have attempted, in numerous studies, to explain the impact of humour on advertising persuasion. Headquartered in Germany’s city Bonn, T-Mobile

The Construction Management Method for Public Sector Building Projects Research Paper

The Construction Management Method for Public Sector Building Projects - Research Paper Example Robert Black in his report of June 2004 listed the main cause of the delays to the project as the production of detailed design variations and the late supply of information during the construction. He, however, sighted other factors that contributed to the delays. One factor was the choice of construction management as a method of procuring the project. The Auditor-General commented that construction management is unsuited for most building projects in the public sector. He, however, sighted that construction management was not necessarily the wrong choice in the Holyrood case. It was only unfortunate that in the Holyrood case project management did not implement construction management fully in accordance with usual practice. The experience and expertise in construction management were not present in the early stages of the Holyrood project and therefore the risks and challenges were not fully appreciated by the client and project management. Wanna [2004] described this program as a very tight and far too ambitious construction program. This is so because in construction management the design is incomplete and uncertain when construction starts, so the risk stays with the client. The different forms of contracting are intended to transfer risk to those best able to manage it. The client must manage design development and get a project team that has professionals who are experienced in this construction method. Another major factor was the challenge of construction. This was due to the difficulties associated with the construction of such a complex and unusual building on a densely developed site. It was also expected to be completed against very tight deadlines.

Issues of Company Co-Ownership

Issues of Company Co-Ownership MEMORANDUM 1 i. When in a state of co-ownership, the decision to make alterations and repairs is one in which it is necessary, that both parties must have made a common agreement before any changes are made to a property.[1] It should also be noted that in previous cases where exceptional circumstances arise and the property is in need of necessary repairs that any one of the co-owners is able to make changes to the property.[2]. This can be determined by firstly and very basically establishing that they are in a co ownership,[3] and also that the case provided sees changes made to the property are not repairs as defined as necessary operations in rebuilding, repairing.[4] This means a unanimous agreement was therefore necessary and that the only other way Victor would be entitled to make the changes are seen in Rafique v Amin in which personal bar is referred which would only be relevant if Jack already knew about the changes that were going to be made but chose to do nothing as even though no agreement was reached yet no objection was made. This is also seen not to be the case as Jack was not present or notified at the time of the alterations. Since alterations (not repairs) have been made to the property and not minor changes that are permissible, it can be quite clearly stated that Victor was not permitted to carry out such alterations on the flat. On the one hand there is room for Victor to plead that what is being proposed is so trivial as to fall within the principle enshrined in the brocard à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ [5] , on the other hand it seems that the changes made could be classified as more than trivial so it seems that Victor was not entitled to carry out the changes made to the property. ii. The issue of whether Jack can do anything to prevent Victor from making more changes can be rather complex. As found in Barkley v Scott(1983) 10 Sh Ct Rep 23 and owner is quite entitled to make changes to a property as long as they are regarded as de minimis meaning that they are minimal such as previously mentioned above.[6] This would be a an ordinary use of the property in which Jack could not prevent although would need further enquiry. It should also be noted that unauthorised actions will become subject to an interdict. This would prevent Victor from carrying out any more alterations to the property. Such action would require court action which in multiple cases sees declarator granted along with interdict and on occasion a reinstatement in favour of the pursuer who at the time was not contacted.[7] It seems that in this case to stop Jack making further amendments an indictment would have to be placed upon him with the penalties for breaking such indictment becoming ever more serious.[8] So, it can be said with absolute certainty that the common proprietor has the right to veto that will therefore prevent further alterations on the property regardless of whether the property they are disputing over is able to be sold or not.[9] On occasion the pursuer often seeks for a financial return through damages. This would see Victor have to pay for the damage he has done, although often the amount to pay out through damages is hard to quantify[10] and it has been said that for a breach there has to be shown to have suffered material damage from such a breach[11]. For that reason, sometimes the repayment of damage maybe in this case is not suitable. So, it can be said that perhaps indictment is one of the most feasible routes here to prevent Victor from making further changes to the flat. Often, this results in Jack who has been greatly inconvenienced to look to dispone his shares of the flat. This would be at Jacks discretion as whilst not directly linked to preventing Victor from making further unwanted changes to the flat this often occurs when there is a break down in cooperation and in practice the best remedy for this is actually the sale and division of the property. iii. Despite it being clear that Victor does not want Jack to sell the property it can be hard to prevent. The selling of a property is of thought to often depend on, mutual compatibility goodwill, and understanding.[12] Providing that this still exists between Jack and Victor the usual step would be to sell shares of the property or sell the property as a whole. It is said in Latin that both in communionemà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ nemo compellitur invitus detineri[13] and that regardless of the relationship communion est mater rixarum.[14] This is particularly significant in Victors case as it means that if the issue is raised in court each party as pro indiviso owners has an absolute entitlement to the right of division and sale.[15] When the division and sale takes place the property will either be sold all together and then split between co-owners or the property is physically divided into the extent of the shares so in this case it would be evenly split. This does seem to then favour division of the property which would prevent sale however, in a situation where it is seen as far from practical or grossly unsuitable it will end in the sale of a property.[16] This is very much so relevant to issues involving common property that cannot be sold at all such as a commonly used stairwell,[17] or that the co-owners are married in which case would have separate rules or that one of the co-owners has been sequestrated, both are irrelevant to Jack and Victor.[18] It is even possible that it is not sold on the market and that Jack can ask Victor to transfer his share of the of the property to him for half its value, however this is the right to buy out is a contentious one but entirely plausible. It seems therefore, that there is very little Victor can do to prevent Jack from selling the flat. iV. As said previously situations in which property is sold is entirely different for married couples as they follow a separate set of rules regarding the sale of property between co owners. In Jack and Victors current situation at common law both cohabitants initially had no legally recognised status. Although unmarried separation rights are the exact same in property terms when the relationship breaks down it is then they are both distinguishable. Due to Jack and Victor not being married if their relationship was to break down their property would be divided into his his and theirs[19] where each couple will claim exactly what is they individually own. This is different if Jack and Victor were married as if they were then the property would be divided into what it is felt each party needs, like in some cases for example, the husband will leave the matrimonial home to be transferred to his ex-wife, along with the fact that matrimonial couples are seen as one unit rather than being treat ed as complete strangers. As at the end of a relationship in divorce it is to be shared equally[20] as special circumstances can be accounted for and these decisions are generally fully down to judicial discretion as it is then that it is decided to what property the property can be valued as. to what value it has. As at the end of divorce it is all calculated towards a figure as matrimonial property seems to only have significant importance during divorce proceedings which can lead to money being exchanged to make a property transfer order. [21]These are considerations Jack and Victor dont need to currently make as they are not married and the only Act that would apply to cohabitants would be the Family Law Scotland Act.[22] This only goes as far as giving the option of financial provisions and also to make sure that goods are perceived as co owned, cohabitants have similar but not entirely equal occupancy rights (such as occupancy rights only up to 6 months ) as contained in the M atrimonial Homes Act 1981. This highlights the problems of couples who live together outside of marriage (such as Jack and Victor) face when their relationship breaks down as while they have some rights protected by some Acts they are not as greatly protected as married couples are. i A lease can be defined as a contract between one person who grants permission for the other to use their property for a set amount of time in return for payment, which is known as rent. There are 3 types commercial, agricultural and residential property. Navid seemingly falls into the commercial property bracket. There are 4 main elements for a valid lease to be present. The first is that there must be a general agreement between the two parties the lessor and the lessee. Secondly, there must be property. The lessee must be given possession of the property and unless in special cases such as shooting rights which can be leased although this must be clarified so the subject of the lease is found.[23] Rent is another which is usual paid periodically and in most circumstance on a monthly basis but can be paid in various different ways such as through services and not only through money.[24] The court may also find a lease exists as long as the other three elements are found.[25] Finally for a lease to be valid there has to be a duration on the lease. So in theory it is allowed for a lease to last for many years.[26] So far it can easily be established that both Navid and Isa have a valid lease in place. Furthermore, the formality of whether or not the lease was signed is irrelevant if the lease lasts one year or less, and longer and both parties must have a written agreement.[27] So, if Navid has entered into a lease for over with Isa for it to be valid it is hoped that there was a written agreement in place along with the other four elements listed above. In most cases a lease will contain the rights of both the tenant and the landlord. This is because the lease is recognised by the law with its own set of terms. The first is possession and that the landlord is obligated (so in this case Isa) to give the tenant what is known as natural possession, one that the landlord should not interfere with.[28] The tenant as a consequence must be present in the property with only short absences allowed as without such a possession of the property the lease can be regarded as a material breach such as when a tenant was absent from a prison due to detention in prison.[29] The second reason is that rent must be paid by the tenant when it is due. The reason leases are so short and are often changed is due to changes in external factors such as inflation, if the new rate set is not agreed on it is for the third party to decide, which will see the rent set in line with market rates. Thirdly, the property must be sufficiently plenished by the landlord to a reasonable standard in which it would be expected to be equitable for the payment of rent, as without this an interdict can be put in place against the land lord.[30] The tenant is also obligated to use the property for the purposes of let and may not alter or invert this which will cause a breach of the lease, however, The Landlord is obliged to make sure that the property in question is fit for the circumstances under in which it will be let, which can lead Isa to be questioned on her upkeep of her property. Finally, the property must be maintained by the landlord, so the landlord must carry out the maintenance to the property within a reasonable time and if he does not he is liable.[31] The landlord however is not liable if an Act of God occurs such as a flood, a third party causes damage ( in which case they are liable) or the tenant will be liable if they breach the obligation to take care of a property in which case they will be made to pay. There are reasons for either Landlord or tenant in this situation to bring the lease to an end. Firstly, Isa could feel the need for the lease to end due to the fact Navid has not paid rent for the past 6 months. This is a clear obligation of a lease, and the onus is very much on Navid to pay that money. Without Navid paying that money it can be cause for Isa to take action against Navid the remedies available include what is known as action for payment. This remedy is typically used for situations including this one in which rent is not paid, this results in the execution of the lease which is often found as a clause within the lease. This enables a judge to carry out what is known as summary diligence which sometimes does not even need court action.[32] Isa is also entitled to rescind the lease due to a material breach of a monetary obligation in which it would require her to give Navid a 14 day notice to pay the unpaid rent. Furthermore, Isa herself as a landlord has a right to th e goods brought into the property by the tenant known as invecta et illata for rent. It however, seems Navid has the stronger case as Isa has quite clearly fell short of providing a suitable standard of property due to the dampness that has ruined Navids stock. This entitles him to either; seek damages for the fact the landlord has failed to carry out the required repairs that will leed to Navid suffering monetary loss although defining the quantification of such a breach is difficult to determine. He is also able to seek the remedy of specific implement which sees the landlord required by the courts to carry out repairs on Navids shop. This is a remedy specific to Scottish courts which unlike England do not offer such a remedy to the keep open clause. A final option for Navid is to keep suspending his obligation to pay rent due to Isa breaching her obligation to repair the dampness on the premises as he is very much allowed to continue to retain the rent from Isa as long as he has not been paying her for months when she has been failing to meet her obligations. [1] Rafique v Amin 1997 SLT 1385 [2] Rafique v Amin 1997 SLT 1385 [3] Cargill v Muir 1837 [4] Bell Principles 1075 [5] Rafique v Amin 1997 SLT 1385 [6] Kleyn, D and Wortley, S Co ownership on Zimmerman, Visser and Reid Mixed Legal Systems. [7] Rafique v Amin 1997 SLT 1385 [8] http://www.lawscot.org.uk/news/2015/02/prison-sentence-for-john-odonnell/ [9] Deans V Woolfson 1922 SLT 165 [10] Barkley v Scott [11] http://www.jandhmitchell.com/pdf/Title%20Conditions%20Fact%20Sheet.pdf [12] Mclead v Cedar Holding Ltd. 1989 SLT 620. [13] No one can be forced to remain in co ownership [14] Common property is the mother of quarrels. [15] Upper Crathes Fishing Ltd v Baileys Exrs 1991 SLT 747 [16] Thom v Macbeth 1875 3 R 161. [17] Bells Principle 1082 [18] Bankruptcy (Scotland) Act 1985, s 40 [19] http://www.terry.co.uk/cohabs.html [20] [21] [22] [23] Conway v Glasgow City Council 1999 SCLR 248 [24] Paisley Land Laww para 79 [25] Glen v Roy (1882) 10 R 239 [26] Welwood v Husband (1874) I R 507 [27] RoW(S) A 1995, S 1 [28] Graham v Black and Stevenson [29] Blair Trust Co v Gilbert [30] Co-operative Insurance Society v Halford Ltd 1998 SLT 90 [31] Wolfson v Forrester 1910 SC 675 [32] Cowie v Martalo 2011 GWD 32-676

Solutions to the Air Pollution Problem in America Essay examples -- En

Solutions to the Air Pollution Problem in America   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is steadily becoming harder to breathe these days. Every major city in the world is experiencing the ill effects of air pollution. The level of toxic air pollutants, known as toxics, has been on the rise globally, though not nationally, since the Clean Air Act of 1990, according to Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards [OAQPS], an office within the Environmental Protection Agency [EPA]. However, though more regions -- i.e., cities, metropolitan areas, rural areas, etc. -- are meeting the Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, certain areas were and still are designated as "nonattainment" areas. These areas are regions which do not meet all the National Ambient Air Quality Standards [NAAQS] for ground-level ozone, a primary constituent of smog (USEPA-- National Air--Ozone and Carbon Monoxide 1).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What are air pollutants and what is their composition? According to studies done by Brigham Young University on air pollution, air pollutants are made up of sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, ozone, and lead (Health Problems 3). They are in particulate form meaning these compounds are particles 10 microns in size -- i.e., the diameter of an average human hair. In fact, most sources agree that these are the main components of outdoor, versus indoor, air pollution.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Locally, the state of Arizona has had trouble with sulfur dioxide levels in the past near mining areas such as Globe-Miami (USEPA--Breathing Easier 5-2,3). Those problems have been addressed and have been reported as below the Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (USEPA--Breathing Easier ES-2,5-2,3). The big problem which remains is withi... ...tants: A Citizen's Guide." March 1991. United States Envirmental Protection Agency. Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation. Office of Air and Radition. Environmental Indicators. [WWW document]. URL Go To, July 17, 1996. United States Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards. National Air Quality and Emissions Trends Report, 1995. Ozone and Carbon Monoxide Air Quality Update. [WWW document]. URL Go To, 1995. United States Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Air and Radiation. 1995 National Air Quality Trends Brochure -- Toxic Pollutants. 1995 National Air Quality: Status and Trends. [WWW document]. URL Go To, 1995. United States Environmental Protection Agency. Region 9 Air And Toxics Division. Breathing Easier: 1996, A Report on Air Quality in California, Arizona, Neveda and Hawaii. Update Report, September, 1996.

The Impact of the Printing Press on Education

Interactive Media Center http://library. albany. edu/imc/ HTML & XHTML Tag Quick Reference This reference notes some of the most commonly used HTML and XHTML tags. It is not, nor is it intended to be, a comprehensive list of available tags. Details regarding the proper use of XHTML are at the end of this document. What It Is Basic Document Tags What It Does Indicates the start and end of an HTML Document Defines the portion of the document that contains essential formatting information. The material in the head is invisible. Defines the portion of the document that contains the visible information. Body Attributes What It Is What It Does Specifies the background color Specifies the text color Specifies the color of unfollowed links. Specifies the color of followed links. Specifies the color of links when they are clicked. NOTE: Body attributes may be combined within the body tag. Example: Text Tags What It Does The heading tags display text in sizes ranging from the ,, largest, h1, to the smallest, h6. These specifications ,, are intended to denote the importance data below the , heading. Specifies bold text. Specifies italics text. Specifies a typewriter or teletype-like text. Creates an emphasis on text that is rendered usually as italics, but sometimes as bold depending on the browser. Creates an emphasis on text that is usually rendered as bold, but sometimes as italics depending on the browser. Specifies the font size from 1 to 7. 1 is the largest, 7 the smallest, and 3 is generally the default size. Specifies font color. NOTE: Font attributes may be combined within the font tag. Example: Example of combined font attributes. 9/03 R. Lipera v. 2. 2 What It Is Interactive Media Center http://library. albany. edu/imc/ Common Formatting Tags What It Is (HTML) What It Is What It Does (XHTML) Defines a paragraph. Defines paragraph alignment left, right, or center. Inserts a line break. Defines a block quote and indents text from both sides. Usually with some extra space above and below. Defines the beginning and end of an ordered list. Defines the beginning and end of an unordered list. Defines the beginning and end of a line within a list. Start a line with a number in an ordered list, and with a bullet in an unordered list. Image Tags What It Is (HTML) What It Is (XHTML) What It Does Places and image. Specifies the alignment of an image; middle Specifies a border around and Specifies the alternative label for an for use nongraphical browsers. NOTE: Attributes within the font tag may be combined. Example in HTML: Example in XHTML: What It Is (HTML) Horizontal Rule Tags What It Is What It Does (XHTML) Specifies the start of a horizontal rule. Specifies the height of a horizontal rule. Specifies the width of a horizontal 9/03 R. Lipera v. 2. 2 2 Interactive Media Center http://library. lbany. edu/imc/ rule in either pixels or percent. States that the horizontal rule should have no shade. NOTE: Attributes within the horizontal rule tag may be combined. Example in HTML: Example in XHTML: Table Tags What It Is What It Does Specifies the beginning and end of a table. Specifies the beginning and end of a table row. Specifies the beginning and end of a table cell. Defines a table header. A normal cell with text that is bold and centered. Specifies the size of the border around a table and cells within the table. Specifies the space between cells. Specifies the amount of space between the border of a cell and the items within the cell. Specifies the width of a table in either pixels or percent. Specifies the alignment of contents in a row of cells as either left, right, or center. Specifies the alignment of contents in a cell as either left, right, or center. Specifies the vertical alignment of contents in a row of cells as either top, bottom, or middle. Specifies the vertical alignment of contents in cell as either top, bottom, or middle. Specifies the number of columns a cell will span. Specifies the number of rows a cell will span. Stops text from automatically line wrapping. 9/03 R. Lipera v. 2. 2 3 Interactive Media Center http://library. albany. edu/imc/ XHTML can be thought of as an upgraded and stricter version of HTML 4. 01. It is not much more difficult to write XHTML than it is to write properly formed HTML. There are some simple rules that must be followed. The most important rules are: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ XHTML tags must all be in lower case. XHTML elements must be nested correctly. All XHTML tag elements must be closed. Documents written in XHTML must be well-formed. Examples of lower case rule: This is incorrect. This is correct. Examples of the nesting rule: This is incorrect nesting. This is correct nesting. Examples of the closed tag rule: This horizontal rule tag is not closed- This horizontal rule tag is closed- This image tag is not closed- This image tag is properly closed- Examples of the well-formed document rule: XHTML documents must have the proper structure. This means all components must be within the opening and closing HTML tags, . Internal elements must be correctly nested and located properly. The basic components and structure of an XHTML document are 9/03 R. Lipera v. 2. 2 4 Interactive Media Center http://library. albany. edu/imc/ XHTML Syntax Rules XHTML requires that some basic rules of syntax be followed. As with the tag rules noted above, XHTML syntax is not much more difficult that correctly formed HTML. These rules are, however, much stricter and must not be violated. These rules follow. †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Attributes must be quoted. The Name attribute is replaced by the ID attribute Attribute shorthand must not be used. DOCTYPE statement must be used. The DOCTYPE statement is part of Document Type Definition, DTD, and is used to specify which syntax is used in the Web page. ) Examples of the quoted attribute rule: This is incorrect- This is correct- Examples of the Name attribute replacement rule: This is incorrect- This is the correct substitution- Examples of the no shorthand rule: This is an example of improper shorthand- This is the same tag corre ctly written without shorthand- Examples of DOCTYPE statements: This is a page without a statement 9/03 R. Lipera v. 2. 2 5 Interactive Media Center http://library. albany. edu/imc/ Example of a page with a DOCTYPE statement Note that the DOCTYPE statement goes ahead of the opening HTML tag, . The statement is not part of the HTML document and does not have a closing tag. It is used to tell a browser how to render the document. There are three DOCTYPE statements. Statement used to create clutter-free presentations and when Cascading Style Sheets are used: Statement used when HTML presentational features are present and when it is desirable to support older browsers that do not understand Style Sheets: Statement used when frames are incorporated into the design of the page: 9/03 R. Lipera v. 2. 2 6

A Professional Journey As A Nurse Of Today - 1612 Words

A Professional Journey as a Nurse of Today Many people today use the words career and profession interchangeably. Those two simple words have similar meanings but build upon each other instead of define one another. In fact, it could be said that careers may in fact lead to a profession. Nursing once started as a career and throughout the decades has grown to be a widely accepted and admired profession. The profession of nursing consists of specialized knowledge, a well-developed code of ethics, and the use of the scientific method. None of the above said skills are achieved over night. It truly is a journey to become a professional nurse. The Basics Prior to beginning the journey, let’s establish a very relevant and important lesson. Define the Professional; â€Å"relating to a job that requires special education, training, or skill done or given by a Person who works in a particular profession, paid to participate in a sport or activity†. (Merriam-Webster). Professional socialization is a fitting title and best description of the journey to becoming a professional nurse. Professional socialization in itself means a person has embodied the values, attitudes, needed skill set, and vast body of knowledge pertaining to a professional subculture (Merriam-Webster). The first characteristic to define nursing as a profession is the need for knowledge. The knowledge used by nurses has qualities of theory and clinical. Both aspects of knowledge needed for nurses are important becauseShow MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Nursing Theory1570 Words   |  7 Pagesof daily nursing practice. This paper will review the importance of nursing theory. It will also focus on Patricia Benner’s Novice to Expert Theory. Importance of Theory Many nurse theorists have shaped the way nurses practice today by defining our practice into what it is today. 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