Witchcraft Religion Essay Example For Students

Black magic Religion Essay Since in this view, cultural necessities are intervened by singular specialists reacting, holding mentalities, and acting such a need satisfaction hypothesis lessens to a mental one. Each significant custom has its sober minded or passionate incentive for certain individuals from the general public, or probably it falls into neglect and it slipped is' mind. To lessen all activities to fulfilling needs appears to be somewhat oversimplified. Numerous traditions are watched today in spite of their unique capacity presently being long old: almost certainly many persuaded skeptics despite everything toss spilt salt over their left shoulder, however not the slightest bit accept this is on the grounds that Beelzebub himself is remaining behind them. We will compose a custom article on Witchcraft Religion explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now Moreover, ends dependent on the mental cosmetics of individuals in the inaccessible past are problematical on the grounds that it is difficult to make the hop from what the sources inform us to what presumptions regarding the world really lay behind them. As much as the anthropologist, examining societies which are far off in space, the history specialist contemplating societies removed in time should defeat a significant contrast in language, where the subtler implications of words might be lost outwardly eyewitness. Thomas endeavors to reproduce the psychological universe of witch conviction, and likely draws near to how it really was, however it is highly unlikely of totally checking his thoughts. All things considered, with his regarding human sciences educated ends resting in any event to some degree upon his reproduction of past mindsets, Thomas determinations appear to have a conceivably frail establishment. Religion and the Decline of Magic without a doubt benefits somehow or another at any rate from its borrowings from human studies. A portion of its fundamental decisions owe a lot to anthropological ends, and these are not just constrained upon history without the questioning of chronicled proof. In the final hotel this is a work of history drawing upon human sciences, not of anthropological ends forced upon the past as a feature of some broad positivist plan. It is, be that as it may, a long way from great. The models utilized, while various, are given in a sentence or two, which can't plan to relate the full ramifications of the source being utilized, and may essentially be bends of the realities to back up the plan Thomas endeavors to portray. The entire study appears to be somewhat unbalanced because of the thought of predominantly regarding human sciences educated ends, and a portion of the determinations which he makes appear to have a lot of shortcomings. The entirety of this is brutal analysis, however, particularly as not many books (and this would be one of them) guarantee to recount to the entire story. Thomas shows that human sciences can open up various courses of enquiry which may well have been dark to customary antiquarians, and in reality to reveal insight into chronicled occasions. He may have gone excessively far in his borrowings, yet he doesn't compose terrible history using any and all means. In the assessment of E. P. Thompson, Religion and the Decline of Magic is, a colossally significant and invigorating book List of sources G. R. Elton, The Practice of History (London 1987) C. Geertz, The Interpretation of Cultures (London 1993) H. Geertz, An Anthropology of religion and Magic, Journal of Interdisciplinary History, 6 (1975) K. Thomas, History and Anthropology, Past and Present, 24 (1963) K. Thomas, Religion and the Decline of Magic (London 1971) E. P. Thompson, Anthropology and the Discipline of Historical Context, Midland History, 1 (1971).

Analysis of Sojourner Truth

â€Å"In a few cases, campuswide midpoints have crawled up from a C only 10 years to B-in addition to today† (411). In Brent Staples exposition â€Å"Why Colleges Shower Their Students with A’s† he makes numerous issues and contentions regarding the matter. Numerous school level foundations are confronted with requesting buyers and rivalry from different colleges over evaluation issues. The schools have essentially begun simply distributing increasingly more A’s to their understudies to better their fulfillment. This activity taken by the schools is having numerous repercussions on grade swelling and making the estimation of degrees trivial around the world. With this disturbing measurement about the grounds wide midpoints and the colleges falling back on giving the customers what they need is making an awful tempest going to acquire significant issues. In Staple’s paper, he brings up numerous legitimate reasons why a few school level instincts are simply distributing A’s to their understudies left and right. In spite of the fact that he makes great contentions for his reasons, I need to scrutinize that not every one of his reasons are genuinely legitimate. I accept that universities are surrendering to the requesting understudies and guardians since they need to spare their notoriety and status in the public eye. Schools are all the more ready to give out better evaluations to understudies when their occupations are on the line. Staples clarifies that â€Å"professors at each level expand to get away from negative assessments by understudies whose feelings presently figure in residency and advancement decisions† (411). Educators need to recall that each evaluation they provide for an understudy might be addressed and have genuine outcomes concerning better openings for work. Understudies need to get the evaluation they think they merit and they will venture to whine and accuse a specific educator. I feel that it is silly those understudies figure to a limited extent in a professor’s advancement choices. I additionally firmly accept that whatever grade an understudy gets on any paper is their last grade and they ought to have no space to scrutinize the professor’s reasons. Staples likewise recommended that â€Å"some offices give understudies A’s to fill ineffectively went to courses that may be canceled† (411). Schools need to give out the evaluations the understudies are asking for so they can shield their classes from getting dropped therefore sparing their own employments. Once more, he is underlining that if educators need to keep their stable employments they need to inspire the understudies here and there to remain joined up with the classes. This system appears only a type of pay off the educators bring to the table to the tricky understudies to keep their employments above water. Universities nowadays need to review cautiously and know about the outcomes that understudies do in some structure decide their profession developments. The buyers, the understudies and furthermore the guardians accept they ought to get out as much as they put into their school instructive life by practicing their entitlement to interrogate and ask regarding their evaluations. Today, universities of each height license [students] to request low evaluations through dignitaries or lasting sheets of inquiry† (411). Not at all like secondary school where you needed to acknowledge the evaluation you got on a paper, then again universities grant understudies to introduce their reviewed work to a higher force on the off chance that they trust it was wrongly assessed. I accept this standard is giving understudies and guardians an excess of control over the teachers who have experienced numerous long periods of broad training and comprehend what components make up an entire hearted A paper. Upholding this suspicion again â€Å"the proof proposes that understudies and guardians are demanding†and getting†what they consider as their money’s worth† (411). Understudies and guardians are getting increasingly requesting as the years pass by. The manner in which they see things is that either the understudy is taking care of themselves through school or the guardians are placing their cash into their child’s training and they hope to receive each dime in return. On the off chance that they are going to utilize their own cash they are hoping to get the best grades possibleâ€no special cases. These parasitic creatures won't down without a battle. They will stand, they will dissent, they will contend. The understudies and guardians reserve a privilege to address grades, yet to a degree. Their contentions ought not be so requesting and they ought to be cheerful they are getting a voice to communicate their side of the story. Understudies and guardians are turning out to be extremely requesting concerning grades and will go as far as possible to get what they think they merit. A few colleges needed to utilize the Johnson plan of figuring grade point normal uniquely in contrast to previously, however this arrangement would make student’s scholastic professions considerably more muddled. Staples shouts â€Å"Valen Johnson, a Duke University measurements teacher, went under overwhelming fire when he proposed recalculating the evaluation direct normal toward give thoroughly reviewed courses more prominent weight† (412). Johnson proposed this arrangement feeling that it would assist understudies with being increasingly fruitful, however all it would do was aggravate everything very. Under this arrangement all courses would be given a similar equivalent weight, however this arrangement would have numerous disadvantages. Contingent upon what major an understudy had, that understudy would be required to take certain courses that related to their ideal degree. By making all courses equivalent weight, understudies would need to do very well even in the classes not related with their significant causing numerous scholarly issues. I emphatically accept this proposed arrangement of recalculating grade point normal is an entirely ghastly thought. Johnson absolutely didn't place into point of view that making each course a similar weight, would make the lives of the understudies significantly more troublesome. He essentially caused the understudies to need to do well in each class they took on regardless of on the off chance that it the class appeared to be simple or hard. The understudy government beat back the arrangement with the assistance of instructors in humanities, who stressed that understudies may desert them for different courses that they as of now avoided† (412). Once more, most school teachers and individuals from instruction sheets questioned receiving the Johnson plan as a result of the significant repercussions it would of fer on understudies. I accept understudies would get overpowered with ensuring they did outstandingly great in the entirety of their classes even those not required for their major. These understudies would need to ensure not let their evaluations slip in light of the fact that regardless of the course the evaluation point normal would merit the equivalent. To certain individuals this arrangement may appear in virtuoso; anyway the Johnson plan isn't a perfect intend to better instructive developments. Receiving the Johnson plan to universities would be tragic and furthermore exceptionally upsetting to the understudies, so keeping the evaluation point normal as it is determined is the most consistent decision to make.

Using Topiramate to Treat Alcohol and Other Addictions

Using Topiramate to Treat Alcohol and Other Addictions Addiction Coping and Recovery Overcoming Addiction Print Using Topiramate to Treat Alcohol and Other Addictions By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on May 06, 2019 Seizure Medication Can Reduce Alcohol Consumption. Janssen-Cilag More in Addiction Coping and Recovery Overcoming Addiction Methods and Support Personal Stories Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use A medication currently used to treat epilepsy and migraines has also been shown to be effective for reducing alcohol consumption and treating cocaine addiction. But topiramate may never receive approval for the treatment of addiction because of economic considerations. For at least 10 years, research studies have shown that topiramate, marketed as Topamax, is effective in treating alcoholism. In 2003, a study by the Health Science Centers South Texas Addiction Research Technology (START) Center found that subjects who were still heavy drinkers were six times more likely to remain sober for a month, compared to a placebo group. Effective for Cutting Down In a follow-up study a year later, the START Center researchers, led by Dr. Bankole A. Johnson, conducted a proof-of-concept clinical trial that concluded that topiramate has a greater effect on drinking than naltrexone and acamprosate, two medications that are approved for the treatment of alcoholism. More recent studies have shown that topiramate is more effective in reducing the amount that heavy drinkers drink than it is in producing complete abstinence in alcohol-dependent drinkers. Reducing Overall Consumption Traditionally, the goal of treatment for alcohol use disorders has been to achieve abstinence, but in recent years there has been more focus on harm reduction or reducing the amount of alcohol that patients drink or reducing their number of drinking days. According to research, topiramate has been found to be more effective in reducing overall alcohol consumption than the currently approved medications disulfiram, naltrexone, and acamprosate. Focus on Harm Reduction A recent study of alcoholism treatment throughout the Veterans Health Administration found that V.A. doctors were prescribing topiramate for their alcohol-dependent patients at a higher rate than naltrexone and acamprosate combined. The use of the drug is not currently monitored by the V.A. because it is not approved for use as an alcohol use disorder treatment, but that has not stopped clinicians from prescribing it when the goal of treatment was reducing the harm of excessive alcohol consumption. The authors of the V.A. study concluded that the use of topiramate over the other medications demonstrates a shift in the treatment of alcoholism toward the reduction in consumption, rather than total abstinence. Topiramate Effective for Cocaine Addiction Even more recently, research found that topiramate is also effective for treating cocaine addiction. A double-blind study at the University of Maryland School of Medicine of 142 adults who were seeking treatment for cocaine dependence found that topiramate increased the number of cocaine nonuse days. Previously, studies found that topiramate could help reduce the use of the drug by users who were not seeking treatment for cocaine addiction. It works by affecting how the brain reacts to cocaine, thereby reducing craving for the drug. Topiramate is the first drug that has been found effective in treating cocaine addiction, according to the studys authors. Another study has shown it to be effective in smoking cessation. Topiramate No Longer Trademark Protected Although research shows topiramate to be very effective, relatively speaking, in reducing harmful drinking and in treating cocaine addiction, the medication may not be used to its fullest potential. Because its not approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration specifically for addiction treatment, insurance companies may not pay for prescriptions for those uses. Additionally, because topiramate is no longer protected by trademark, and is, therefore, open to generic production, it is not economically feasible for pharmaceutical companies to pursue the expensive process necessary to gain FDA approval for the addiction treatment use of the drug. Any pharmaceutical treatment for alcoholism or addiction would be a less expensive option that entering a residential treatment program, but without insurance participation, topiramate would be more expensive than other FDA-approved medications. Although topiramate is not FDA approved for the treatment of alcoholism and addiction, there is no prohibition against healthcare providers prescribing the drug for those purposes. Sources: Del Re, AC, et al Prescription of topiramate to treat alcohol use disorders in the Veterans Health Administration. Addiction Science Clinical Practice 8 July 2013 Fran, J, et al Pharmacotherapy for Alcohol Dependence: Status of Current Treatments. Current Opinion in Neurobiology. 23 August 2013. Johnson, BA, et al, Topiramate for the Treatment of Cocaine Addiction. JAMA Psychiatry. 16 October 2013. Kampman KM, et al. A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Topiramate for the Treatment of Comorbid Cocaine and Alcohol Dependence. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 1 November 2013. Oncken C, et al. Topiramate for Smoking Cessation: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Pilot Study. Nicotine and Tobacco Research 21 September 2013.